The Astral
Body:
State of
Being - gas
Element -
air
In addition to
having physical and etheric bodies, humans and animals are conscious of
the physical world and have 'Inner experiences of instinctive drives.
These characteristics are derived from the soul element, or astral body
which, working through the etheric body, exerts a formative influence on
physical development. This gives rise to internal organs, enclosed
cavities within the body and other physical characteristics which distinguish
humans and animals from plants. These physical differences may be
clearly observed, but the most striking characteristic of the soul element,
consciousness, can be more difficult to grasp. Through our consciousness
of the physical world, we can be aware of pain when the physical body is
damaged, but we are also aware of an inner pain when our feelings are hurt.
Unlike the physical pain, these hurt feelings cannot be related to a particular
area of the physical body, but they can be every bit as real and, in some
circumstances, even harder to endure.
The Soul element
cannot be reduced to chemical or biological processes in the physical body.
It is strongly coloured by the instincts, which have their roots in the
unconscious physical and etheric bodies, and is also influenced by the
higher element, the spirit, from which is derived a striving for a true
understanding of the world and a need to find and fulfil aims in life that
go beyond mere bodily needs. Life is a process of soul and spiritual development,
and crises in the soul, such as emotional problems, can therefore be seen
as critical phases in a person's inner development.
The soul element
is where consciousness arises, where feelings and thoughts reside.
It is also where the impressions of the senses for example, sight, hearing,
smell, touch, taste, balance and temperature are experienced. The
physical sense organs make it possible for us to perceive the physical
world, but they are just the windows through which physical reality is
revealed to the soul. For example, the eye is an instrument which
is understood to receive visual images in a similar way to a camera.
But it could no more make sense of the light patterns playing on the retina
than a camera could understand the photographs it produces.
Contemporary
natural science looks to the brain for this centre of consciousness and,
certainly, all the electrochemical signals associated with the sense organs
are transmitted to it. But there is nothing about the physical brain
to make it any more capable of conscious experience of sight than the eyes.
It, like them, is an organ consisting of a highly organized arrangement
of cells, but neither the organ nor the cells are themselves conscious.
The brain and sense organs are instruments of the soul, without which life
in the physical world would be impossible.
It has already
been said that the etheric body is primarily involved with building up
the physical body and constantly working to keep it healthy. The
astral body, has, in a sense, an opposite effect. It has a breaking-down,
or catabolic, effect on the physical body, and thereby imbues a constant
tendency towards illness. This contrasting effect comes about because,
whereas the etheric body is the basis of life, the astral body is the seat
of consciousness, and consciousness in the physical world is bought at
the cost of breaking down, or burning, physical matter.
One aspect of
the destructive effect of the astral body is that consciousness is always
accompanied by the breaking down of glucose in the nervous system.
This can only happen with the aid of oxygen and is rather like the burning
of a flame. Although this burning process takes place in all the
cells of the body, the brain and nervous system are the most sensitive,
requiring a constant supply of glucose and oxygen from the blood.
It is well-known that brain-death occurs within a few minutes if the supply
is cut off, whereas the tissues of the limbs, which burn glucose during
muscular activity, can survive for as long as an hour. This destructive
process, brought about by the astral body, has a proper place within the
healthy physical body, as long as it is balanced by the healing effect
of the blood, brought about by the etheric body.
The astral body
can also work in harmony with the etheric body in a forming capacity.
It does so particularly during embryonic development, by imposing a human
form on the pattern of growth as the etheric body builds up the physical
body. In the physical world, order tends to degenerate into disorder, and
it is only the intervention of the etheric body which reverses this process,
bringing order out of chaos. The astral body takes the physical development
created by the life element to a higher level, introducing greater differentiation
and specialization into the physical body. The contrast between the anabolic,
or upbuilding, influence of the etheric body and the catabolic, or breaking-down,
influence of the astral body can be seen in a comparison of animal and
plant life. Plants have physical bodies and, as living things, also
have etheric bodies. Animals have physical and etheric bodies and,
as conscious creatures, also have astral bodies. A comparison therefore
offers clear examples of the functional differences introduced by the addition
of an astral body.
The awakening
effect of the soul can also be traced chemically in the nervous system.
Much information has come to light within the last thirty years concerning,
particularly, the neurotransmitter substances, which are released by one
nerve cell and affect another. They are mainly amines, which are
derived from, and closely related to, amino acids, the constituents of
proteins. One of the main amines is noradrenaline. Its effect is
very similar to that of the hommone adrenaline, which is understood to
be released into the blood following nervous stimulation of the adrenal
gland. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline heighten alertness and awareness.
The pulse and metabolic rate are raised, glycogen (the form in which the
sugar, glucose, is stored) is broken down, and the concentration of sugar
in the blood rises, allowing the cells to burn more glucose to provide
more energy.
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